D of SOLID (5/5)

This is the fifth of five posts talking about the SOLID principles. This principles are a great guide to write good source code. Each post will talk about one of the principles:

Dependency inversion principle

High-level modules and classes should not depend on low-level ones. Software elements of high-level like business objects should not depend on file systems, operating systems or user interfaces.

Sample

You have a Person class to store all data of the user and define some methods. In order to make this class not dependant on the database or the user interface

class ConcreteUI
end

class Person
  def initialize(name, age)
    @name
    @age
  end

  def createA
  # some code
  end
  
  def show
    ui = ConcreteUI.new
    ui.show("name #{person.name}")
    ui.show("age #{person.age}")
  end
end

It’s better to make Person class independent from a ConcreteUI using protocols

class Person
  def initialize(name, age)
    @name
    @age
  end

  def createA
  # some code
  end
end

class UI
end

class ConcreteUI < UI
end

class PersonRepresentation
   def initialize(ui, person)
     @ui = ui
	 @person = person
   end
   
   def show
     @ui.show("name #{person.name}")
     @ui.show("age #{person.age}")
   end
end